From the expert

Four common business practices that could require a Text & Data Mining Licence

January 24, 2025 By Rebecca Owen

Text & Data Mining (“TDM”) is a powerful tool for businesses, providing them with the ability to extract valuable insights and actionable intelligence from huge amounts of text and visual information. However, using TDM on certain types of content might ...

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Understanding the strategic value of copyright licensing: A case study by Tank

October 3, 2024 By Trevor Palmer

In this case study, Trevor Palmer, Director of Tank, shares how he came to appreciate the strategic significance of copyright licensing. From early doubts about copyright to a profound understanding of its value, Trevor showcases how CLA’s Media Consultancy ...

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Copyright Insights: In conversation with Matthew Bland, Lincoln’s Inn Library

September 25, 2024 By Mary Cormack

Information-rich and thought-leading content is a pillar of advancement in the legal sector. It shapes court proceedings, research, promotional activities, and staff training. Barristers and chambers tenants will be familiar with the copious amount of content used week in and ...

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Copy, Share, and Collaborate: Navigating copyright in the workplace

September 3, 2024 By Tim Cooper

Why it’s crucial to Copy, Right

Hard copy or online and digital: we all find useful material that helps us with everything from business planning to training. But it’s vital that you copy and share content and resources correctly to ...

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Copyright from an educational author’s perspective: Ann Gravells

June 19, 2024 By Rebecca Owen

Ann Gravells has been working in Further Education since 1983, and writing and editing books for SAGE since 2006. She is a fellow of the Society for Education and Training. Here we find out how copyright is important to her. ...

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Q&A with Springer Nature’s Leslie Lansman: Ethical content sharing and the benefits of the CLA Pharmaceutical Licence

June 6, 2024 By Rebecca Owen

The CLA Pharmaceutical Licence is a collective licence covering millions of works from thousands of publishers, permitting UK professionals working in the healthcare and pharmaceutical sector to make paper or digital copies of published content, subject to certain terms and ...

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Name	Provider / Domain	Expiration	Description
cla_customer	https://cla.co.uk/	Session	This cookie is used to remember the state of the “CLA Customer” toggle in header. No personal information stored.
cla-form-submitted	https://cla.co.uk/	1 month	This cookie is used to check if a user has access to a restricted page. No personal information stored.
cla_user_licence_id	https://cla.co.uk/	Session	This cookie is used to remember the user selected licence. No personal information stored.
cla-jwt	.cla.co.uk	1 hour	The cla-jwt cookie is a distinctive token utilised within our license permissions system integrated into the website. It ensures seamless operation and access management. This cookie does not store any sensitive information, ensuring user privacy and data security.
jwt-expiry	.cla.co.uk	1 hour	It is employed to store the expiration date of the cla-jwt token. This cookie aids in maintaining accurate session timing and enhancing user experience by managing token validity efficiently. This cookie does not store any sensitive information, ensuring user privacy and data security.
cla-course-login	cla.co.uk	1 month	This cookie is set when a user logs in to our website. It contains a unique user identifier, allowing the user to access courses seamlessly. The cookie does not store any sensitive information and is designed to enhance the user experience by maintaining login sessions. It is set to expire in 30 days, ensuring that users remain logged in without needing to re-authenticate frequently.
Recite.Persist	cla.co.uk	1 year	This cookie is used when the Recite.me Assistive Toolbar is launched and allows the toolbar to persist across subsequent web pages on the website.
Recite.Preferences	cla.co.uk	1 year	This cookie is used when the Recite.me Assistive Toolbar is launched and allows user-selected settings to auto-load on subsequent web pages on the website.
__cf_bm	Cloudflare Inc. .canva.com	30 minutes	This cookie is used to distinguish between humans and bots. This is beneficial for the website, in order to make valid reports on the use of their website.
ARRAffinitySameSite	Microsoft Corporation .accountlogin.cla.co.uk	Session	When using Microsoft Azure as a hosting platform and enabling load balancing, this cookie ensures that requests from one visitor browsing session are always handled by the same server in the cluster.
ASLBSACORS	cla.co.uk	Session	This cookie is likely associated with load balancing to ensure that visitor page requests are routed to the same server in any browsing session.
x-ms-routing-name	Microsoft .accountlogin.cla.co.uk	1 hour	This cookie is used to ensure the user's browsing session is directed to the same server in a session to maintain a consistent user experience.
sp_t	Spotify Inc. .spotify.com	1 year	Required to ensure the functionality of the integrated Spotify plugin. This does not result in any cross-site functionality.
ApplicationGatewayAffinity	cla.co.uk	Session	This cookie is used to maintain user session affinity, ensuring that a user's requests within a session are sent to the same server for consistent interaction with the web application.
ARRAffinity	Microsoft Corporation .accountlogin.cla.co.uk	Session	This cookie is set by websites run on the Windows Azure cloud platform. It is used for load balancing to make sure the visitor page requests are routed to the same server in any browsing session.
ASP.NET_SessionId	Microsoft Corporation contentstore.cla.co.uk	Session	General purpose platform session cookie, used by sites written with Miscrosoft .NET based technologies. Usually used to maintain an anonymised user session by the server.
ASLBSA	cla.co.uk	Session	This cookie is typically used to ensure a consistent and efficient user experience by managing load balancing on the web server, helping to ensure that user requests are directed to the same server in any browsing session.
CookieScriptConsent	CookieScript cla.co.uk	1 month	This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
JSESSIONID	Oracle Corporation accountlogin.cla.co.uk	Session	General purpose platform session cookie, used by sites written in JSP. Usually used to maintain an anonymous user session by the server.
__RequestVerificationToken	Microsoft Corporation contentstore.cla.co.uk	Session	This is an anti-forgery cookie set by web applications built using ASP.NET MVC technologies. It is designed to stop unauthorised posting of content to a website, known as Cross-Site Request Forgery. It holds no information about the user and is destroyed on closing the browser.
sp_landing	Spotify Inc. .spotify.com	1 day	Required to ensure the functionality of the integrated Spotify plugin. This does not result in any cross-site functionality.
PHPSESSID	PHP.net cla.co.uk	Session	Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.

Name	Provider / Domain	Expiration	Description
cf_clearance	Cloudflare, Inc. cla.co.uk	1 year	This cookie is set by Cloudflare, a service that improves website security. This temporary cookie helps ensure a smooth browsing experience.
_clck	cla.co.uk	1 year	Microsoft Clarity sets this cookie. It anonymously tracks visitor behaviour to enhance the browsing experience and website performance. The cookie gathers data on visitor numbers, source (where they came from), and pages viewed.
_clsk	Microsoft cla.co.uk	1 day	Microsoft Clarity sets this cookie. It links various page views from a single visitor into one session. This helps analyse how visitors navigate the website. The cookie collects anonymous data.
_vwo_uuid	Wingify Software Pvt. Ltd https://cla.co.uk/	1 year	The _vwo_uuid cookie generates a unique ID for each visitor. It helps distinguish one visitor from another and is used for report segmentation in VWO. Importantly, it does not contain any personal data.
_vwo_ds	Wingify https://cla.co.uk/	3 months	This cookie stores persistent user-level data for VWO Insights.
Pardot	https://cla.co.uk/	Session	The pardot cookie is set while the visitor is logged in as a Pardot user. The cookie indicates an active session and is not used for tracking.
_vis_opt_s	Wingify Software Pvt. Ltd https://cla.co.uk/	3 months 10 days	The _vis_opt_s cookie tracks session creation for a visitor. It counts the number of times the browser was closed and reopened. Used for A/B testing, rollouts, personalization, and insights.
TiPMix	.accountlogin.cla.co.uk	1 hour	This cookie is associated with diagnostics and website health issues to ensure continued stability and performance. It tracks user sessions to identify and resolve any potential problems actively.
YSC	Google LLC .youtube.com	Session	This cookie is set by YouTube to track views of embedded videos.
_gat_UA-6576605-32	.accountlogin.cla.co.uk	60 seconds	This is a pattern type cookie set by Google Analytics, where the pattern element on the name contains the unique identity number of the account or website it relates to. It is a variation of the _gat cookie which is used to limit the amount of data recorded by Google on high traffic volume websites.
_ga_7YC6NPZV20	.accountlogin.cla.co.uk	1 year 1 month	This cookie is used by Google Analytics to persist session state.
_ga	Google LLC .cla.co.uk	1 year 1 month	This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports.
ai_user	Microsoft Corporation contentstore.cla.co.uk	1 year	This cookie name is associated with the Microsoft Application Insights software, which collects statictical usage and telemetry information for apps built on the Azure cloud platform. This is a unique user identifier cookie enabling counting of the number of users accessing the application over time.
_vwo_uuid_v2	Wingify Software Pvt. Ltd .cla.co.uk	1 year	This cookie name is associated with the product Visual Website Optimiser, by USA based Wingify. The tool helps site owners measure the performance of different versions of web pages. This cookie ensures a visitor always sees the same version of a page and is used to track behaviour to measure the performance of different page versions.
ai_session	Microsoft Corporation contentstore.cla.co.uk	30 minutes	This cookie name is associated with the Microsoft Application Insights software, which collects statictical usage and telemetry information for apps built on the Azure cloud platform. This is a unique anonymous session identifier cookie.
ar_debug	.googleadservices.com	3 months	This cookie is used for troubleshooting and analytical purposes, intended to track errors and improve services by providing insights into how the website is functioning.
_ga	Google LLC .accountlogin.cla.co.uk	1 year 1 month	This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports.
_gid	Google LLC .accountlogin.cla.co.uk	1 day	This cookie is set by Google Analytics. It stores and update a unique value for each page visited and is used to count and track pageviews.
_ga_6E28TL5ZLG	.cla.co.uk	1 year 1 month	This cookie is used by Google Analytics to persist session state.

Name	Provider / Domain	Expiration	Description
loc	Oracle Corporation https://cla.co.uk/	1 year	AddThis sets this geolocation cookie to help understand the location of users who share the information.
uvc	Oracle Corporation https://cla.co.uk/	1 year	addthis.com sets this cookie to determine the usage of addthis.com service.
In_or	.linkedin.com	1 day	LinkedIn sets this cookie to registers statistical data on users’ behaviour on the website for internal analytics.
UTM and CLAID	https://cla.co.uk/	1 month	UTM and CLAID cookies are used to provide traffic, medium, source and campaign information when a user submits information into a website form.
bcookie	Microsoft Corporation .linkedin.com	1 year	The bcookie cookie tracks user behavior across LinkedIn services and helps with ad targeting and analytics.
visitor_id699783	.pardot.com	1 year 1 month	A Pardot cookie that appends a unique identifier for a website visitor, used for tracking purposes. The visitor_id699783 cookie tracks user interactions and helps personalize marketing content.
visitor_id699783-hash	.pardot.com	1 year 1 month	A Pardot cookie security measure that prevents malicious users from faking a visitor and accessing prospect information. The cookie contains the account ID and stores a unique hash
VISITOR_PRIVACY_METADATA	YouTube .youtube.com	6 months	.youtube.com - This cookie is used to store the user's consent and privacy choices for their interaction with the site. It records data on the visitor's consent regarding various privacy policies and settings, ensuring that their preferences are honoured in future sessions.
test_cookie	Google LLC .doubleclick.net	15 minutes	This cookie is set by DoubleClick (which is owned by Google) to determine if the website visitor's browser supports cookies.
UTM	cla.co.uk	1 month	This cookie is used to provide traffic, medium, source and campaign information when a user submits information into a website form.
pum_alm_pages_viewed	cla.co.uk	3 months	A cookie that remembers a user's previous activity in relation to forms and popups.
_fbp	Meta Platform Inc. .cla.co.uk	2 months 29 days	Used by Meta, the _fbp cookie is used to display advertisements when either on Facebook or on a digital platform powered by Facebook advertising after visiting the website.
pum_alm_first_activity	cla.co.uk	23 hours 59 minutes	A cookie that remembers a user's previous activity in relation to forms and popups.
pum_alm_last_activity	cla.co.uk	23 hours 59 minutes	A cookie that remembers a user's previous activity in relation to forms and popups.
CLAID	cla.co.uk	1 month	This cookie is used to provide traffic, medium, source and campaign information when a user submits information into a website form.
lpv699783	pi.pardot.com	30 minutes	A pi.pardot.com cookie for tracking user activity on website.
visitor_id699783-hash	cla.co.uk	1 year 1 month	A Pardot cookie security measure that prevents malicious users from faking a visitor and accessing prospect information.
utm_medium	cla.co.uk	1 month	This cookie is used to provide traffic, medium, source and campaign information when a user submits information into a website form.
pum_alm_popup_open_counts	cla.co.uk	3 months	A cookie that remembers a user's previous activity in relation to forms and popups.
visitor_id699783	cla.co.uk	1 year 1 month	This is a cookie pattern that appends a unique identifier for a website visitor, used for tracking purposes. The cookies in this domain have a lifespan of 10 years.
_gcl_au	Google LLC .cla.co.uk	2 months 29 days	Used by Google AdSense for experimenting with advertisement efficiency across websites using their services
IDE	Google LLC .doubleclick.net	1 year	The IDE cookie is used for advertising purposes. It registers and reports user actions after viewing or clicking on ads.

Name	Provider / Domain	Expiration	Description
__atuvc	Oracle Corporation https://cla.co.uk/	1 year	The __atuvc cookie stores performed actions on a website. It helps track user interactions and actions related to sharing content.
__atuvs	Oracle Corporation https://cla.co.uk/	30 minutes	Similar to __atuvc, the __atuvs cookie also stores performed actions on a website.
_vis_opt_test_cookie	Wingify Software Pvt. Ltd https://cla.co.uk/	Session	The _vis_opt_test_cookie detects if cookies are enabled in the visitor’s browser. It also tracks the number of browser sessions.
_vwo_sn	Wingify https://cla.co.uk/	30 minutes	This cookie stores session-level information.
test_cookie	Google LLC https://cla.co.uk/	15 minutes	This cookie is set by DoubleClick (which is owned by Google) to determine if the website visitor's browser supports cookies.
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE	Google LLC .youtube.com	6 months	This cookie is set by Youtube to keep track of user preferences for Youtube videos embedded in sites;it can also determine whether the website visitor is using the new or old version of the Youtube interface.
li_gc	LinkedIn Corporation .linkedin.com	6 months	Used to store guest consent to the use of cookies for non-essential purposes
lidc	Microsoft Corporation .linkedin.com	1 day	LinkedIn sets the lidc cookie to facilitate data centre selection.
returnUrl	apiportal.cla.co.uk	Session	This cookie is used to redirect the user back to the last visited page after login, enhancing the user experience by ensuring seamless navigation.